Thursday, 8 February 2018

Switched-mode power supply (SMPS)

Block Diagram and description


                                   FIG: BLOCK DIAGRAM OF SWITCH MODE POWER SUPPLY

Input Rectifier Stage
It is used to convert an AC input into DC. A SMPS with dc input does not require this stage. The rectifier produces unregulated dc which is feed to the filter circuit.


Inverter Stages
      The inverter stage converts DC, whether directly from the input or from the rectifier stage specified as, to AC by running it through a power oscillator, whose output transformer is very small with few windings at a frequency of tens or hundreds of kilohertz(KHz).


Output transformer:
          If the output required is to be isolated from input, the inverted AC is used to draw the
primary windings of a high frequency transformer. This converts the voltage up or down to the required output level on it’s secondary winding.


Output rectifier:
          If the dc output is required, then the ac output from the transformer is rectified.


Regulation:
         Feedback circuit monitor the output voltage and compare it with the reference voltage.


Multiple output block

  


            FIG: CONFIGURATION OF MULTIPLE OUTPUT CONCEPT

n  For the regulating switched mode power supply there are possible multiple output voltages are getting with either proper arrangement of transformer turns ratio or ideal switching of the MOSFETs. Which is situated in the fig. Of Primary portion.
n  Where as output voltages are possible at the other secondary portion of the circuit configuration. So, the help of low pass filter with assembled with inductor and capacitor are make connected across the load

Advantages and Disadvantages of SMPS

n  The main advantage of this method has great efficiency because the switching transistor dispel little power when it is outside of its active region (i.e., when the transistor acts like a switch and either has a negligible voltage drop transverse it or a negligible current through it)

n  Other advantages include smaller size and lighter weight (from the exclusion of low frequency transformers which have a high weight) because low heat dissipation and reduces the harmonic.

n  Disadvantages include greater complexity, the generation of high-amplitude, high-Frequency energy that the low-pass filter might block to procrastinate electromagnetic interference (EMI), Ripple Voltage at the switching frequency.

n  The Harmonic Frequencies thereof, very low cost SMPS may couple electrical switching noise back onto the mains power line, that causing interference with A/V equipment connected to the same phase. Non-power-factor-Corrected SMPS also reason harmonic distortion.

APPLICATION
  
n  Switched-mode power supply units (PSU) are used in PLCs, Audio and Video applications, measuring instruments, security systems, and machine and tools industries.

n  In domestic products such as personal computers often have universal inputs, meaning that They can accept power from mains supplies throughout the world, nevertheless a manual voltage range switch may be required.


n  Switch -mode power supplies can tolerate a wide range of power frequencies and voltages.


For SMPS components and TL494,

https://articleelectrical.blogspot.in/2018/02/smps-component-and-tl494.html

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